113ÈME CONGRÈS
1ère session
H. R. 3509
LE SÉNAT DES ÉTATS-UNIS
13 décembre (jour législative, le 11 décembre), 2013
Reçu ; par deux fois et renvoyée à la Commission des relations étrangères
UN ACTE
Pour diriger le Secrétaire d’État à soumettre au Congrès un rapport sur l’état des efforts de relèvement et de développement après le séisme en Haïti.
1. titre abrégé
Cette loi peut être citée comme l’évaluation des progrès en Haïti acte de 2013.
2. conclusions
Congrès conclut ce qui suit :
(1)Le 12 janvier 2010, un tremblement de terre a frappé près de la ville capitale haïtienne de-Prince, laissant environ 220 000 personnes mortes, y compris les citoyens des États-Unis 103, 101 personnel des Nations Unies et près de 18 pour cent de la fonction publique de la nation, ainsi que 300 000 blessés, 115 000 maisons détruites et 1 500 000 personnes déplacées.
(2)Selon le Post Disaster Needs Assessment menée par le gouvernement d’Haïti, avec l’assistance technique de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, la Banque mondiale, la Banque interaméricaine de développement, la Commission économique pour l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes et la Commission européenne, environ 15 pour cent de la population ont été directement touchés par la catastrophe et des dommages et pertes économiques sont élevés à $7,804,000,000.
(3)Même avant le tremblement de terre, Haïti avait quelques-uns des indicateurs socio-économiques plus bas et le second taux le plus élevé de la disparité des revenus dans le monde, des conditions qui ont compliqué davantage les efforts de redressement après le séisme et, selon la Banque mondiale, ont sensiblement réduit les perspectives de croissance économique en stimulant la réduction de la pauvreté.
(4)Selon le programme alimentaire mondial, plus de 6 700 000 personnes en Haïti (sur une population d’environ 10 000 000) sont considérés comme des aliments non sécurisé à l’échelle nationale.
(5)En octobre 2010, une flambée sans précédent de choléra en Haïti a donné lieu à plus d’un million de cas signalés et plus de 8 000 décès à ce jour, encore mis à rude épreuve la capacité du secteur de la santé publique d’Haïti et d’accroître l’urgence de la réinstallation et l’eau, assainissement et hygiène (WASH) efforts.
(6)La communauté internationale, dirigée par les Etats-Unis et l’ONU, a monté une réponse humanitaire sans précédent en Haïti, avec les donateurs s’engageant environ $10,400,000,000 pour l’aide humanitaire et les efforts de rétablissement, notamment l’allégement de la dette, complétée par 3,100,000,000 $ en dons de charité privées, dont environ 6 400 000 000 $ ont été versés, et une 3,800,000,000 $ supplémentaires ont été engagés à compter du 30 septembre 2013.
(7)L’intervention d’urgence des hommes et des femmes du gouvernement des États-Unis, dirigée par l’Agence des États-Unis pour le développement International (USAID) et l’United States Southern Command, ainsi que des villes, individus, entreprises et des organisations philanthropiques aux États-Unis, a été particulièrement rapide et résolue.
(8)Depuis 2010, un total de $1,300,000,000 dans l’assistance des États-Unis ont été alloué pour l’aide humanitaire et de 2,300,000,000 $ a été allouée pour la récupération, reconstruction et aide publique au développement en Haïti, y compris 1,140,000,000 $ en crédits d’urgence et $95,000,000 qui a été engagé expressément répondre à l’épidémie de choléra.
(9)De la $3.600.000.000 dans l’assistance des États-Unis allouée à Haïti, 651,000,000 $ a été alloué à l’USAID pour soutenir un plan de relance ambitieux, y compris la construction d’une centrale électrique à fournir de l’électricité pour le parc industriel de Caracol nouvelle (CIP) au nord d’Haïti, un nouveau port près de la CIP et des logements permanents dans les nouvelles colonies de peuplement dans le-Prince, St-Marc et les zones de Cap-Haïtien.
(10)Le 9 octobre 2013, la Commission des affaires étrangères de la Chambre des représentants a tenu une audience de contrôle sur l’État et l’efficacité de l’aide des Etats-Unis après le séisme en Haïti, suite à un rapport Government Accountability Office (GAO) imposé par la Chambre des représentants, le long de l’année qui a été très critique sur certains aspects de l’effort de redressement de l’USAID.
(11)Selon le GAO, à compter du 30 juin 2013, l’USAID avait déboursé seulement 31 pour cent de ses fonds de reconstruction en Haïti, le projet du port a été 2 années de retard et au-dessus du budget par une estimation de $189,000,000, le projet d’habitation a été réduit de 80 % et la durabilité de la centrale, le port et les projets de logements étaient à risque.
(12)GAO a également conclu que le Congrès n’a pas fourni suffisamment de renseignements pour s’assurer qu’il est capable d’effectuer une surveillance efficace à un moment où la plupart de financement reste à décaisser et plus précisément recommande qu’un mécanisme de rapports périodique être institué pour combler cette lacune de l’information.
(13)Donateurs ont rencontré des difficultés importantes dans la mise en œuvre de programmes de récupération et presque 4 ans après le tremblement de terre environ 171 974 personnes restent déplacées dans des camps, le chômage demeure élevé, la corruption est endémique, droits fonciers demeurent insaisissables, allégations de violations de salaire sont très répandues, la conjoncture est défavorable et le gouvernement
Back to H.R. 3509 (113th Congress, 2013–2015)
Text of the Assessing Progress in Haiti Act of 2013
This bill passed in the House on December 12, 2013 and goes to the Senate next for consideration. The text of the bill below is as of Dec 13, 2013 (Referred to Senate Committee).
Source: GPO
Close Comparison
IIB
113th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 3509
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
December 13 (legislative day, December 11), 2013
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
AN ACT
To direct the Secretary of State to submit to Congress a report on the status of post-earthquake recovery and development efforts in Haiti.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the Assessing Progress in Haiti Act of 2013
.
2.
Findings
Congress finds the following:
On January 12, 2010, a massive earthquake struck near the Haitian capital city of Port-au-Prince, leaving an estimated 220,000 people dead, including 103 United States citizens, 101 United Nations personnel, and nearly 18 percent of the nation’s civil service, as well as 300,000 injured, 115,000 homes destroyed, and 1,500,000 people displaced.
According to the Post Disaster Needs Assessment conducted by the Government of Haiti, with technical assistance from the United Nations, the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the European Commission, an estimated 15 percent of the population were directly affected by the disaster and related damages and economic losses totaled $7,804,000,000.
Even before the earthquake, Haiti had some of the lowest socioeconomic indicators and the second highest rate of income disparity in the world, conditions that have further complicated post-earthquake recovery efforts and, according to the World Bank, have significantly reduced the prospects of economic growth spurring broader poverty reduction.
According to the World Food Program, more than 6,700,000 people in Haiti (out of a population of about 10,000,000) are considered food insecure nationally.
In October 2010, an unprecedented outbreak of cholera in Haiti resulted in over half a million reported cases and over 8,000 deaths to date, further straining the capacity of Haiti’s public health sector and increasing the urgency of resettlement and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) efforts.
The international community, led by the United States and the United Nations, mounted an unprecedented humanitarian response in Haiti, with donors pledging approximately $10,400,000,000 for humanitarian relief and recovery efforts, including debt relief, supplemented by $3,100,000,000 in private charitable contributions, of which approximately $6,400,000,000 has been disbursed and an additional $3,800,000,000 has been committed as of September 30, 2013.
The emergency response of the men and women of the United States Government, led by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Southern Command, as well as of cities, towns, individuals, businesses, and philanthropic organizations across the United States, was particularly swift and resolute.
Since 2010, a total of $1,300,000,000 in United States assistance has been allocated for humanitarian relief and $2,300,000,000 has been allocated for recovery, reconstruction, and development assistance in Haiti, including $1,140,000,000 in emergency appropriations and $95,000,000 that has been obligated specifically to respond to the cholera epidemic.
Of the $3,600,000,000 in United States assistance allocated for Haiti, $651,000,000 was apportioned to the USAID to support an ambitious recovery plan, including the construction of a power plant to provide electricity for the new Caracol Industrial Park (CIP) in northern Haiti, a new port near the CIP, and permanent housing in new settlements in the Port-au-Prince, St-Marc, and Cap-Haïtien areas.
On October 9, 2013, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives held an oversight hearing on the status and effectiveness of post-earthquake United States aid to Haiti, following a House of Representatives-mandated, year-long Government Accountability Office (GAO) report that was highly critical of some aspects of USAID’s recovery effort.
According to GAO, as of June 30, 2013, USAID had disbursed just 31 percent of its reconstruction funds in Haiti, the port project was 2 years behind schedule and over budget by an estimated $189,000,000, the housing project has been reduced by 80 percent, and the sustainability of the power plant, the port, and the housing projects were all at risk.
GAO further found that Congress has not been provided with sufficient information to ensure that it is able to conduct effective oversight at a time when most funding remains to be disbursed, and specifically recommends that a periodic reporting mechanism be instituted to fill this information gap.
Donors have encountered significant challenges in implementing recovery programs and nearly 4 years after the earthquake an estimated 171,974 people remain displaced in camps, unemployment remains high, corruption is rampant, land rights remain elusive, allegations of wage violations are widespread, the business climate is unfavorable, and government capacity remains weak.
For Haiti to achieve stability and long term economic growth, donor assistance will have to be carefully coordinated with a commitment by the Haitian Government to transparency, a market economy, rule of law, and democracy.
3.
Statement of policy
It is the policy of the United States to support the sustainable rebuilding and development of Haiti in a manner that—
promotes efforts that are led by and support the Haitian people and the Haitian Government at all levels so that Haitians lead the course of reconstruction and development of Haiti;
builds the long term capacity of the Government of Haiti and Haitian civil society;
reflects the priorities and particular needs of both women and men so they may participate equally and to their maximum capacity;
respects and helps restore Haiti’s natural resources, as well as builds community-level resilience to environmental and weather-related impacts;
provides timely and comprehensive reporting on goals and progress, as well as transparent post program evaluations and contracting data;
prioritizes the local procurement of goods and services in Haiti where appropriate; and
promotes the holding of free, fair, and timely elections in accordance with democratic principles and the Haitian Constitution.
4.
Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that transparency, accountability, democracy, and good governance are integral factors in any congressional decision regarding United States assistance, including assistance to Haiti.
5.
Report
In general
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and every 180 days thereafter through September 30, 2016, the Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a report on the status of post-earthquake recovery and development efforts in Haiti.
Contents
The report required by subsection (a) shall include—
a summary of the Haiti Rebuilding and Development Strategy, including any significant changes to the strategy over the reporting period and an explanation thereof;
a breakdown of the work that the United States Government agencies other than USAID and the Department of State are conducting in the Haiti recovery effort, and the cost of that assistance;
an assessment of the progress of United States efforts to advance the objectives of the Haiti Rebuilding and Development Strategy through the Post-Earthquake USG Haiti Strategy: Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity
produced by the Department of State, compared to what remains to be achieved to meet specific goals, including—
a description of any significant changes to the Strategy over the reporting period and an explanation thereof;
an assessment of progress, or lack thereof, over the reporting period toward meeting the goals and objectives, benchmarks, and timeframes specified in the Strategy, including—
a description of progress toward designing and implementing a coordinated and sustainable housing reconstruction strategy that addresses land ownership, secure land tenure, water and sanitation, and the unique concerns of vulnerable populations such as women and children, as well as neighborhood and community revitalization, housing finance, and capacity building for the Government of Haiti to implement an effective housing policy;
a description of efforts to construct and sustain the proposed port, as well as an assessment of the current projected timeline and cost for completion; and
a description of efforts to attract and leverage the investments of private sector partners to the CIP, including by addressing any policy impediments;
a description of the quantitative and qualitative indicators used to evaluate the progress toward meeting the goals and objectives, benchmarks, and timeframes specified in Strategy at the project level;
the amounts committed, obligated, and expended on programs and activities to implement the Strategy, by sector and by implementing partner at the prime and subprime levels (in amounts of not less than $25,000); and
a description of the risk mitigation measures put in place to limit the exposure of United States assistance provided under the Strategy to waste, fraud, and abuse;
a description of measures taken to strengthen, and an assessment of, Haitian governmental and non-governmental organizational capacity to undertake and sustain United States-supported recovery programs;
a description of United States efforts to consult and engage with Haitian Government ministries and local authorities on the establishment of goals and timeframes, and on the design and implementation of new programs under the Post-Earthquake USG Haiti Strategy: Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity;
a description of efforts to consult and engage with Haitian civil society and grassroots organizations on the establishment of goals and timeframes, and on the design and implementation of new programs under the Post-Earthquake USG Haiti Strategy: Toward Renewal and Economic Opportunity, as well as efforts to coordinate with and engage the Haitian diaspora;
consistent with the Government of Haiti’s ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, a description of United States and Haitian Government efforts to strengthen Haitian Government institutions established to address corruption, as well as related efforts to promote public accountability, meet public outreach and disclosure obligations, and support civil society participation in anti-corruption efforts;
a description of efforts to leverage public-private partnerships and increase the involvement of the Haitian private sector in recovery and development activities and coordinate programs with the private sector and other donors;
a description and assessment of efforts to address the particular needs of vulnerable populations, including internally displaced persons, women, children, orphans, and persons with disabilities, in the design and implementation of new programs and infrastructure;
an description of the impact that agriculture and infrastructure programs are having on the food security, livelihoods, and land tenure security of smallholder farmers, particularly women;
a description of mechanisms for communicating the progress of recovery and development efforts to the Haitian people, including a description of efforts to provide documentation, reporting and procurement information in Haitian Creole; and
a description of the steps Haiti is taking to strengthen its capacity to receive individuals who are removed, excluded, or deported from the United States.
Le Vrai Discours Actuel de Hermann Cebert 